Chapter 1
Boards adapt to global uncertainty
Geopolitical tensions threaten to continue generating headwinds for the global economy.
Mainland China, the world’s second largest economy, experienced slower growth in 2023 than many Asian economies, expanding by 5%. Economists therefore remained concerned about its ability to fuel regional growth in the short-to-medium term, due to reduced foreign direct investment and a housing market slowdown. In this environment, “Mainland China is deleveraging and a slowdown in its GDP growth will impact Asia and its financial and real economy markets,” says Mark Barnaba, EY senior fellow, Deputy Chairman Fortescue, ex-RBA Board Member.
Mainland China is deleveraging and a slowdown in its GDP growth will impact Asia and its financial and real economy markets.
Geopolitically, the escalation of conflicts in Europe and the Middle East could fracture international stability, potentially causing business unpredictability, oil price rises and reduced economic activity. Barnaba adds, “The global power equilibrium, both from a hard and soft power perspective will continue to evolve and boards will need to be more agile and globally networked.”
The global power equilibrium, both from a hard and soft power perspective, will continue to evolve and boards will need to be more agile and globally networked.
Boards should scrutinize the potential impact of geopolitical upheaval on their operating model and supply chain, and ensure management has appropriate frameworks to manage key risks, such as expanding nearshoring operations.
Many organizations are revamping their supply chains to avoid potential issues in the future. For example, Philip Leung, EY Greater China Markets Managing Partner (retired), board director of multiple Chinese state and privately owned companies listed on stock exchanges in Shanghai, New York and Hong Kong says that “some organizations in mainland China aim to de-risk their supply chains to avoid potential trade barriers — moving a portion of manufacturing to countries where they sell products, such as the EU.”
Some organizations in mainland China aim to de-risk their supply chains to avoid potential trade barriers — moving a portion of manufacturing to countries where they sell products, such as the EU.
What boards should do in 2024 |
Questions for the board to consider |
|---|---|
| Advise management on business trends and support risk scenario planning | Do we have a resilient strategy around pricing, capacity management, location and distribution that will navigate fluctuating demand? How is it supported by scenario planning? How are we using artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced analytics to tackle risks and opportunities? |
Bring geopolitical risk into the board’s oversight remit |
How are we keeping abreast of geopolitical risk and opportunities and ensuring they are covered by risk management? |
Balance cost control with long-term strategy |
Is our company striking the right balance between controlling labor costs and securing talent for future growth? What metrics measure success? |
Chapter 2
Capital allocation pressures renew financial discipline
Boards focus on capital allocation and financial discipline in the face of scarce, costly capital.
Organizations are moving their focus from growth to financial discipline as inflation, rising costs and diminished pricing power bite the bottom line. Capital allocation (equal to the talent agenda – see next chapter) is the second key focus area for directors, with two-thirds concerned about capital availability and 56% concerned with M&A, restructuring and divestments.
In economies where capital cost is lower, such as mainland China, boards will need to balance demand for dividend outflows to parent organizations against higher returns.
On the upside, Asia-Pacific looks set to continue to attract global capital that will drive economic growth and innovation region-wide.
Overall, board directors are satisfied that they spend sufficient time in this area. Looking at country differences, 57% of directors for Korean organizations ranked capital allocation as a key topic, more than Australia and Japan. The two key focus areas for directors in Korea are capital availability and R&D, and strategic investments.
Asia's opportunities as the next green economy
Asia is a major supplier of products for the global green economy. Taiwan, for example, supplies nearly 60% of the world’s semi-conductors and an even larger share of advanced microchips.
Overall, boards are encouraging their organizations to adapt to this trend. Patrick Winter, EY Asia-Pacific Area Managing Partner says “Boards and executives have all the information they need, and the imperative, to start planning how they will adapt their business models to thrive in Asia’s green economy.”
Many regional governments are prioritizing access to low-cost energy. Current returns on clean power are around 6%, less than half that for upstream oil and gas. But, boards need to take a longer-term view to ensure future prosperity. Our 2023 EY Global Board Risk Survey echoes this: highly resilient boards sacrifice short-term financial performance for ESG.
Boards and executives have all the information they need, and the imperative, to start planning how they will adapt their business models to thrive in Asia's green economy.
| What boards should do in 2024 | Questions for the board to consider |
|---|---|
| Align transaction strategy with strategic goals | Has management aligned its transaction strategy with our overall strategy? Has it considered short- and long-term perspectives and how a transaction could accelerate a transformation? If yes, what measurements will ensure they remain aligned and linked to business performance? |
Craft a narrative around long-term value creation |
How are we keeping key shareholders informed of long-term value creation strategies? Do board composition disclosures show it is fit for purpose? |
Balance innovation and capital strength |
How is the organization investing to mitigate risk and create long-term growth? Does it have the right balance of innovation and capital strength? |
Chapter 3
Preparing for an AI-fueled people-centric future
Talent remains high on the agenda as boards adapt to the changing global workforce.
Talent — its availability, acquisition and retention — comes equal second with capital allocation (previous chapter) in directors’ 2024 priorities. Talent will become even more of a priority given the rapidly changing global workforce.
By 2025, Generation Z — those born between the mid-1990s and 2010 – will comprise 27% of Asia-Pacific’s workforce. Organizations face tough competition in attracting the best of this cohort to be the data and technology experts’ core to competitive advantage.
Boards in Japan were more likely to rate talent availability, acquisition, and retention as critical areas of concern than those in Korea or Australia. Nevertheless, boards across Asia-Pacific should ensure their management teams have a process for tracking external trends and their impact on talent. Inviting external experts, such as behavioral psychologists to periodically present at a board meeting can help. Similarly, collaborating to develop an employee value proposition that meets the needs and wants of a multi-generational workforce is also key.
Riza Mantaring, board director of multiple Philippines organizations including Ayala Corp, First Philippine Holdings Corp and Bank of the Philippine Islands, says: “We have a dire shortage of data scientists and analysts and people with AI expertise. Organizations recognize this and are doing all they can to develop talent."
Talent indicators are a valued tool. In the 2023 EY Global Board Risk survey, 77% of Asia-Pacific directors were satisfied with metrics to assess talent risks, compared to 68% across Europe and the Americas. And 40% of Asia-Pacific directors rated their CEO succession planning measurements effective, compared to 30% globally. However, some directors were concerned about the long-term talent pipeline.
We have a dire shortage of data scientists and people with AI expertise. Organizations recognize this and are doing all they can to develop talent.
What boards should do in 2024 |
Questions for the board to consider |
|---|---|
| Engage with and empower the Chief Human Resources Officer (CHRO) or equivalent | How are we supporting and reflecting the strategic importance of the CHRO and talent issues? Have we considered expanding the remit of our committees, or launching new ones to address shifting employee expectations? |
Plan for the impact of technological change on talent |
Are there any technology investments and initiatives we could accelerate as we consider Gen Z expectations? How is management prioritizing capital for digital transformation considering demographic trends? |
Take concrete, meaningful action on diversity, equity and inclusion (DE&I) |
How are we measuring and making progress on building trust with employees across generations? Have we adapted how we reflect changing sentiment about loyalty, employee experience and other traditional measures? |
Chapter 4
Boards adapt to accelerating pace of digital change
Asia-Pacific boards dash to harness Generative AI.
Disruptive new technology is top of mind for Asia-Pacific directors, 40% of whom are prioritizing digital transformation readiness and business model changes in 2024.
Generative AI (GenAI) was the 2023 game changer. In our CEO Outlook Survey, 71% of Asia-Pacific respondents said they must act now on GenAI to avoid losing strategic advantage. However, in our survey, only 44% of directors believe they have enough information to oversee innovation appropriately, and just shy of half believe they spend the right amount of time doing so.
Directors also ranked data-related compliance, a key priority. In addition to focusing on protecting and safeguarding data, many companies are also seeking to ensure that their data-collection measures comply with rapidly changing rules and regulations pertaining to data. “Both domestic and multinational companies in mainland China are paying more attention to compliance risk in relation to privacy, consumer protection and fair competition rules and regulations” says Leung.
As data generated by a range of sources, including AI, becomes more prevalent, boards have a key role to play reminding executives to exercise proper care and oversight of their existing data. Data protection is particularly important for board directors from Australia, who rated cybersecurity and data privacy as more important topics than those their counterparts in Korea and Japan. This is largely due to a recent spate of cyber incidents in Australia, with cybercrime in Australia jumping by nearly 25% in 2023.
Both domestic and multinational companies in mainland China are paying more attention to compliance risk in relation to privacy, consumer protection and fair competition rules and regulations
New technology has placed increasing importance on viewing data as a valuable currency. The challenge now facing boards and their organizations is to find the best way to leverage this data to fine-tune customer offerings. This has the potential to radically transform entire markets.
What boards should do in 2024 |
Questions for the board to consider |
|---|---|
| Consider assigning oversight of technology to a new or existing committee | Does our current governance structure effectively oversee our use of technology? Should we consider a special committee for enhanced governance? |
Collaborate more closely with the CTO |
Are we treating data as a strategic asset? |
Embed the responsible use of technology |
What AI guardrails ensure technology doesn’t run away from us? |
Chapter 5
The road ahead – keeping sight of the big picture
Boards must recognize climate change is an urgent risk.
2023 was the hottest year on record. Climate-related weather events incurred costs of more than US$143b per year from 2000 to 2019. Apart from the financial cost, rising sea levels threaten the viability of island nations and extreme weather endangers lives. Only 21% of respondents ranked climate change as a key concern, yet nearly half said they lacked sufficient information on the topic. A recent EY Sustainable Value Study revealed some organizations are winding down commitments to net zero and modestly reducing investments to achieve those goals. Organizations with revenue above USD $5 billion are more likely to rank climate as a higher priority (47% compared to 13% for smaller organizations).
Boards seem more concerned about the costs of climate regulation. Minimizing such costs remains a primary focus for Asia-Pacific directors, more so than in the Americas or EMEIA. This is worrying; boards’ long-term responsibilities require them to prioritize climate and sustainability issues.
| What boards should do in 2024 | Questions for the board to consider |
|---|---|
| Recognize the urgency of climate change action | Which parts of the business are most exposed to climate risk? How will climate disruption affect our key markets and stakeholders? |
Accept that sustainability is a long-term focus that may deliver value over time |
How can we transform our business model to take advantage of a decarbonizing economy? |
Explore deeper collaboration with CSOs and CFOs |
Are we working with management to make sustainability core to strategy? If so, what is the transition plan for thriving in a net-zero future? Are we building these goals into executive remuneration? |
Chapter 6
Preparing the board for the future
Boards want to focus more on innovation, talent, cyber and climate.
To discover how the complex issues raised might affect board governance and how the rate of change could alter the way business works, we asked boards three questions:
1. Is the amount of time spent appropriate?
Directors said they spent enough time on most issues, but want more discussion on innovation, talent, cyber and climate change. Nearly half said they want more information about innovation and evolving technology, cybersecurity, and data privacy.
The challenge probably extends beyond time and information however, to the depth and sophistication of information now required to support decision-making. And there’s little evidence that boards are using AI and technology to reduce their workload or to mine data.
2. Do you have the right skills?
Almost two-thirds (65%) of directors felt they had the skills and capacity to provide effective oversight. But how will they feel in five years, when faced with more information, change and complexity? Most boards, when asked, identified gaps in digital literacy and “soft skills,” such as behavioral science. Diversity also lags.
3. Is the operating model fit for purpose?
Directors see their current operating model as fit for purpose. But barely one third were certain it would remain so in five years.
It may be difficult to consider changing the status quo, but we see mounting evidence (via EY.com Australia) that the one-size-fits-all approach to board structures may no longer meet the needs of all organizations. To address this, boards across Asia-Pacific need a plan and the right mindset to transform their governance models. The case for change is strong, but exactly how Asia-Pacific boards decide to move forward with transformation is less clear and will depend upon each organization’s current state, levels of maturity, future strategy, and long-term purpose.
Board operating models might not be fit for purpose in five years, almost two-thirds of directors say.
| What boards should do in 2024 | Questions for the board to consider |
|---|---|
| Prioritize what matters | Are we thinking strategically enough about what we do and why? Is what we have best — or just common — practice? |
Review the long-term purpose and strategy of the organization |
If we could start afresh, given our purpose, strategy and the way things are changing, what would we design? |
Consider what future fit looks like for you |
Is our governance model equipped for shifts in shareholder or stakeholder expectations; growing customer aspirations; increasing regulatory and legal demands; information overload and gaps in skills and behaviors? If no, what incremental steps will the board take to steer us forward? |
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This article focuses on priorities for Asia-Pacific boards. The EY Center for Board Matters also focused on the Americas and EMEIA , providing insight into operating environments on a global scale.
Summary
Most Asia-Pacific economies remain buoyant, despite the “stabilized volatility” that could potentially constrain regional economic growth in 2024. Still, boards in Asia-Pacific recognize the need to evolve — and to do so quickly — as they prepare for a future world marked by rapid technology changes and geopolitical instability.
