Chapter 1
Three ways cities are becoming more resilient and sustainable
Creating livable neighbourhoods, with easy access to jobs, transport and nature, is a focus for many.
Our research found that innovative leaders are doing three things:
1. Creating livable neighborhoods that are also economically inclusive
No more flocking to the city center; innovative leaders are creating multiple economic areas that drive more inclusive growth while also addressing changing working preferences. “For more than two decades, we’ve been trying to bring jobs and amenities closer to homes through our decentralization policy — using planning to change the urban structure of the city,” explains Ng Lang, Chief Executive of Singapore’s Land Transport Authority.
For the City of Vancouver2, creating “livable” neighborhoods means returning to old models of community. “We’re essentially going to go back in time, to make more villages – more complete communities,” says Doug Smith, Director of Sustainability. “There are going to be small stores in these neighborhoods, libraries, community centers, home-based businesses. And we’re going to put in a lot of green space.” Meanwhile, Chicago is using what it calls “intentional placemaking” to create more community meeting places in all 77 of its neighborhoods.
For more than two decades, we’ve been trying to bring jobs and amenities closer to homes through our decentralization policy – using planning to change the urban structure of the city.
2. Expanding urban transport
Improving their public transit systems can help cities to build livable neighborhoods and meet their emissions reductions targets. (About a third3 of urban emissions comes from transport.)
Many cities are electrifying their bus fleets while using incentives and disincentives to encourage citizens to move to electric vehicles, for example. And through its city-wide metro network4, Riyadh aims to cut car trips by 250,000 a day within 10 years.
Leaders also recognize the pivotal role of urban transport in making cities more equitable. In Jakarta, the area of the city covered by public transport increased from 42% to 82% from 2017 to 2021 – widening access to key jobs and services and attracting investment.
On a par with education and schooling
40%of citizens ranked transport their most appreciated service provided by the city
3. Adapting to climate shocks today and building resilience for tomorrow
Our research reveals a growing trend for cities to embed sustainability, nature-based and circularity principles into their policies and plans. By restoring and protecting their natural environments, for example, they can mitigate and adapt to climate change while building resilience to extreme weather events. The Singapore Green Plan 20305 includes funding for coastal and flood protection measures. And in Copenhagen, two public building projects using more than 50% recycled materials have raised awareness of circular approaches among local developers.
For Florent Sainte Fare Garnot, Director General of Lyon Part-Dieu (a project to make a district of Lyon more livable), these approaches reflect the new reality of urban planning. “Today, the work is about how to bring nature into cities, how to reconnect ourselves and our urban planning to the trees and the soil, and to ensure the soil is healthy and living,” he says.
Cities are also incorporating blue spaces (urban surface water such as rivers, lakes and ponds), flexibility and citizen input into their planning and engineering – often with wider societal benefits in mind. “The environment plan wasn’t just about carbon reduction,” says Mark Atherton, Director of Environment at Greater Manchester Combined Authority. “It was about creating a great place for people to live and where businesses thrive. Health and wellbeing were integral.”
Chapter 2
Three prerequisites for success
Best practice involves building trust, involving citizens and taking a human-centered approach to tech.
Our interviews revealed that city leaders are setting themselves up for success in three ways:
1. Establishing trust through effective leadership
In our pulse surveys, citizens cited trustworthiness as most important in a city leader. Our interviews revealed several ways leaders can build that trust, including:
- Setting a clear vision and goal
- Identifying key stakeholder groups to consult
- Being open, accountable and collaborative
Dr. Nelson Ogunshakin, Chief Executive Officer of the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), believes collaboration is particularly important. “It is not easy, because some leaders don't have that capability to say, ‘We don't claim to have a perfect solution,’” he says. “So, we want to get everybody involved to help us shape the answers.”
2. Engaging citizens at the right time, in the right ways
It’s evident from the demonstrations taking place in cities globally that citizens care deeply about climate and social issues. Leaders who tap into that energy by inviting citizens to engage with their development plans will increase their chances of success. Best practice uncovered by our research includes:
- Involving citizens at every stage
- Using a variety of channels, including grassroots organizations and digital
- Using clear incentives and positive messages
- Showing you’ve listened and taken action
- Building strong marketing communications capabilities
Burnaby, near Vancouver, deployed many of these strategies when exploring the city’s housing needs. Its impressive citizen engagement process led to the establishment of a new municipal housing authority to help create more secure, purpose-built housing. Meanwhile, Manchester co-created its Five-Year Environment Plan6 with residents and businesses.
Engagement can also start from the bottom up. When Copenhagen City Council was struggling to meet some of its 2025 Climate Plan targets, the community stepped in. “I think we’ll see more of the community pushing civil servants and the municipality to move a lot faster, not just on goal setting but on finding tangible solutions,” says Ditte Lysgaard Vind, Chair of the Danish Design Council.
I think we’ll see more of the community pushing civil servants and the municipality to move a lot faster, not just on goal setting but on finding tangible solutions.
3. Creating the right mindset and ecosystems
Many cities are using digital technologies and data to help them become more resilient and sustainable. For example, Cape Town has rolled out smart meters and advanced metering infrastructure technologies to help address water scarcity. And data collected by Lisbon’s network of sensors will help to map the dispersion of pollutants in the city, with a view to improving overall air quality. But as Laura Jay, Regional Director for North America at C40 Cities, says, “We need to lead with the kind of human-centric thinking that can then be enabled or accelerated by the technological solution.”
Forward-looking cities work with partners – from citizens and community groups to private sector organizations and the leaders of other cities – to deliver change. They also embed sustainability and resilience into the education system. Singapore is looking to “nurture the next generation of environmental stewards” as part of its Green Plan 2030, for example.
Chapter 3
Sustainability and economic growth: a virtuous circle
The more resilient and sustainable a city becomes, the more likely it is to achieve its goals.
The health of a city starts with its environment as a place to live, work and play. Without a healthy, sustainable approach to environment, a city’s attractiveness to investment, talent, and families will suffer in the long term.
That’s why it’s encouraging to hear that bold city leaders are turning the challenges they’re facing into opportunities. How are they doing it? By building climate and sustainability scenarios into their plans for economic development while improving the wellbeing of citizens. It’s a combination that sets them up to achieve their ambitions – whether that’s as a center for finance, innovation or tourism.
Three big questions city leaders can ask
- What role are open spaces playing in our city’s equity strategy?
- How are we bringing people together so they can contribute at every stage of the development process?
- How are we financing and building the infrastructure that will protect our city and its citizens from climate change?
Summary
Cities are increasingly the economic engines of the world, but their fast growth is putting infrastructure, services, and the achievement of their net-zero goals under strain. In this article, we reveal three key trends in how city leaders are responding to these challenges. We also highlight three factors that need to be in place if their plans are to succeed.
