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2. Designed by default: the male template in medicine
So what’s changed? Clinical trials and diagnostic systems have long reflected a narrow view of the body, one shaped by male physiology and reinforced by regulatory decisions. In 1977, the FDA excluded women of childbearing age from early-phase trials, a policy that held for until 1993. To this day women are largely underrepresented in clinical trials.
Assumptions about hormones and reproduction continue to influence trial design, leaving female health patterns comparatively in the dark. Precision medicine has brought new tools, but the underlying data still leans toward male norms, skewing how symptoms are interpreted, how diseases are defined, and how treatments are developed. The consequences are visible for women where care often arrives late, misses the mark, or fails to account for how illness is actually experienced by women.
This is a legacy that has to be addressed.
3. Tools that work for women.
The fix begins with tools women can use. Digital health is finally being built around female realities - biological, social, and systemic. The most promising innovations are those that respond to how women actually experience health, illness, and care. So far, these include:
- AI systems that detect overlooked symptom patterns and interpret scans with sex-specific nuance
- Cycle-aware apps that track hormonal rhythms, sleep, pain, and chronic conditions over time
- Remote trial platforms designed for women balancing caregiving, shift work, or limited mobility
- Digital twins that simulate treatment outcomes for women excluded from traditional trials due to pregnancy, comorbidities, or age
These examples are already in use, and they’re evolving fast, driven by data, demand, and teams of motivated female founders, scientists and innovators.