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EY Distributed Ledger Analysis: Beyond Single‑Vendor Solutions


Digital asset compliance is evolving fast. Are current approaches sufficient to deliver reliable source of funds and AML assessments?


In brief

  • Single‑vendor blockchain analytics often fail to cover evolving blockchains, DeFi, and cross‑chain activity, creating gaps in source‑of‑funds and AML assessments.
  • Using multiple tools improves visibility but could lead to inconsistencies, false positives, and regulatory risk without clear methodology and expert interpretation.
  • A vendor‑neutral, methodology‑driven approach strengthens regulatory defensibility and builds resilient digital asset compliance capabilities.

As digital assets become part of mainstream financial activity, banks and other financial services organizations as well as regulators face a growing challenge: how to analyze blockchain transactions effectively and determine the true source of funds.

Many organizations start by adopting a single blockchain analytics tool, supported by one blockchain analytics platform, assuming this setup will meet their compliance needs. In practice, this approach often proves insufficient.

A blockchain analytics platform is the environment provided by a vendor that supports one or more analytics tools. These tools are licensed and sold by vendors. A single‑vendor approach means relying on one vendor and its tools only. A multi‑vendor approach means using tools from more than one vendor.

No single blockchain analytics platform provides complete coverage across the rapidly evolving digital asset ecosystem. As the industry develops, the limitations of single‑vendor solutions become more visible, especially when organizations rely on them to produce source of funds reports or other blockchain analysis reports.

Limitations of Single‑Vendor Blockchain Analytics

Blockchain ecosystems evolve quickly. New blockchains, Layer 2 solutions, DeFi protocols, and cross‑chain bridges are introduced faster than most tools can fully support them. As a result, reports generated from a single tool can become incomplete.

Funds may pass through cross‑chain bridges that are not supported by the selected tool. Exchange attribution data may be partial or outdated. DeFi activity may not be fully decoded or interpreted. Emerging blockchains may not be covered at all. What initially appears to be a comprehensive view often turns out to be only a partial snapshot.

This creates risk for compliance teams. Incomplete visibility can lead to uncertainty in source of funds (SoF) or destination of funds (DoF) assessments. Over time, organizations may find themselves locked into expensive licenses that do not keep pace with their compliance needs.

Market Realities and Hidden Costs

Each blockchain analytics vendor focuses on specific blockchains, regions, or data sources, based on its technology and partnerships. One tool may perform well on e.g. Bitcoin and Ethereum but provide limited insight into Layer 2 networks or regional crypto exchanges.

These gaps become critical when tracking funds across multiple chains or jurisdictions. Over‑the‑counter (OTC) trading illustrates this challenge. OTC desks differ significantly by region, and single‑vendor tools often lack consistent coverage where assets move between regulated and informal markets. This can cause compliance teams to lose visibility at key points in the transaction flow.

Entity clustering presents another challenge. Vendors use different methodologies to group wallet addresses under entities such as Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs). As a result, two tools may cluster the same addresses differently. This leads to inconsistent conclusions and uncertainty around the accuracy of reports.

DeFi activity adds further complexity. No single tool fully interprets all DeFi protocols or provides the contextual analysis required for compliance‑driven source of funds assessments.

The cumulative effect is vendor dependency. Organizations become reliant on one vendor’s data coverage, technical roadmap, and analytical assumptions. To address gaps, they often need additional tools, manual analysis, or external expertise. This increases cost, effort, and operational complexity.

Lessons from Investigative Practice versus the Banking Sector

Law enforcement agencies and courts increasingly recognize these limitations. Advanced investigative teams routinely use multiple blockchain analytics tools in parallel. Different tools surface different insights. Cross‑referencing results help validate findings and uncover patterns that would remain hidden if only one tool was used.

In contrast, financial institutions often face practical constraints. Some banks question the value of costly licenses for one or two platforms that still leave gaps in their source of funds reports. Others invest in advanced tools but do not fully use them due to limited case volumes or internal expertise.

Relying on a single vendor can result in high false positives, where risk is flagged without sufficient justification. More critically, it can also result in missed risks. Some organizations respond by adopting two tools. While this can improve coverage, it can also introduce conflicting results that are difficult to reconcile without specialized knowledge or additional tooling.

This “black box” approach – accepting automated outputs without fully understanding how conclusions are reached – creates regulatory risk. During onboarding, transaction reviews, or project assessments, compliance teams must be able to explain and defend their conclusions to internal stakeholders and regulators. This is difficult without clear methodology and expert interpretation.

Vendor‑Neutral Blockchain Intelligence

Even with access to multiple tools, a key challenge remains: how to interpret, validate, and consolidate the results into a single, reliable report.

Most tools offer source of funds tracking, but concerns persist around data completeness, accuracy, timeliness, and regulatory alignment. No single tool addresses all these aspects consistently.

A more effective approach is a vendor neutral, case by case methodology. This approach selects blockchain analytics tools based on their specific strengths for each analysis. Results are cross referenced, inconsistencies are assessed, and gaps are addressed through complementary data sources.

Within the EY Managed Service DLA (“Distributed Ledger Analysis”), EY works with Recoveris to apply this methodology in practice.

Managed services for DLA

When organizations lack sufficient in-house capacity or capability, managed services can offer a modular, scalable solution to fill resource gaps. These services typically aggregate outputs from multiple blockchain analytics tools and consolidate them into a structured source of funds report.

DLA managed services are designed to provide vendor‑neutral digital asset compliance services. EY, for example, uses a proprietary methodology that avoids reliance on any single licensed tool, enabling adaptability as the digital asset ecosystem evolves. Providers are selected based on their capabilities, data coverage and relevance to specific use cases, ensuring flexibility and resilience.

Specialized providers may contribute technical expertise in blockchain analytics and forensic investigation, supporting cross-tool validation and the consolidation of findings, particularly in more complex cases. For instance, EY routinely collaborates with the blockchain analytics and digital asset forensics services provider Recoveris, which acts as a key technical service provider supporting the multi‑vendor methodology.

Such collaborative models are common in managed services solutions. One party contributes expertise in blockchain analytics tools and advanced blockchain forensic capabilities, enabling cross‑tool validation and the consolidation of results in high-complexity cases. The other applies regulatory, legal and financial services expertise to govern the methodology, interpret findings and structure source-of-funds and blockchain analysis reports in a compliance‑ready format.

Building Resilient Digital Assets Compliance Capabilities

The digital asset ecosystem spans dozens of blockchains, hundreds of exchanges, thousands of DeFi protocols, and numerous cross‑chain mechanisms. No single vendor can fully cover this landscape.

Organizations that treat blockchain intelligence as a long‑term compliance capability need to adopt vendor neutrality as a core principle. A multi‑vendor, methodology‑driven approach provides greater resilience and stronger regulatory defensibility.

If your organization is engaging with digital assets, the EY Managed Service DLA can support your compliance and investigative needs through a structured, vendor‑neutral approach.



Summary

As digital assets become increasingly embedded in financial services, banks face growing challenges in analysing blockchain transactions and determining reliable sources of funds. Single‑vendor blockchain analytics tools often provide incomplete coverage across evolving blockchains, DeFi protocols, and cross‑chain activity, creating compliance risk and operational dependency. Investigative practice shows that using multiple tools improves visibility but also introduces complexity and inconsistency. A vendor‑neutral, methodology‑driven approach - supported by EY’s managed services - enables cross‑tool validation, stronger regulatory defensibility and more resilient digital asset compliance capabilities.

Acknowledgement:

We kindly thank Maxime Ochrymowicz and Patrick Prinz for their valuable contribution to this article.


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