Swiss Tax Residents - Swiss tax return filing obligation
Residents of Switzerland who are obligated to file a tax return are taxed on their worldwide income and wealth, as referenced in the Swiss taxes part. This obligation applies to both Swiss nationals and C permit holders, as well as Swiss property owners.
The principle of family taxation states that the worldwide income and wealth of a married couple must be declared in a joint tax return. For married couples, higher deductions are typically granted such as personal and family deductions.
The tax year is identical to the calendar year. Individuals who arrive in or depart from Switzerland during the calendar year have a partial-year tax obligation. For Swiss tax residents with a tax return filing obligation, all recurring income will then be annualized in order to determine the applicable tax rate. Tax returns are generally due at the end of March of the following year. However, all cantons allow for deadline extensions.
It is essential to understand that the provisional payment of tax can differ significantly from canton to canton. Generally, cantonal and communal taxes are paid provisionally during the current tax year, relying on the income figures from the previous year. However, if there are any changes in the income, it is important to notify the tax authority promptly. This ensures that the appropriate tax invoices are issued. On the other hand, federal taxes have a different timeline, as they must be settled by March 31 of the year following the relevant tax year.
The standard processing time for issuing final tax assessments and bills can take up to two years after the submission of the tax return. Once the authorities complete their review, they will issue final invoices that detail any refunds due to overpayment or any back payments owed. Any outstanding amounts are due within 30 days of receiving the final invoice.
Swiss Tax Residents – Tax at source taxation
Individuals (except for Swiss citizens and C-permit holders) who have their tax residence in Switzerland are subject to tax at source on their employment income. Taxes withheld at the source constitute the final tax liability in some cases.
However, there are two scenarios where an individual is required to file a Swiss tax return:
- The annualized gross salary exceeds CHF 120’000
- Other income (such as investment income) or net wealth exceeds the threshold given by the cantonal tax authorities
For individuals required to file a tax return as outlined above, the same tax procedure applies as for "Swiss tax residents - Swiss tax return filing obligation".
For residents who do not fulfil the criteria mandatorily to switch to the tax return filing system, taxes withheld at the source equal the final tax liability, unless an optional Swiss taxpayer registration is made or a reassessment of tax at source is requested.
Optional Swiss taxpayer registration
By submitting a request by March 31 of the subsequent tax year, a Swiss tax resident with a B or L permit can opt to be classified as a Swiss taxpayer and file Swiss tax returns to access deductions that are not included in the source tax tariff. After registering as a standard Swiss taxpayer, individuals must file a Swiss tax return disclosing the worldwide income and wealth each year. It is important to note that while one fiscal year may provide chances to lower tax liability and obtain a tax refund, this may not hold true in later fiscal years.
The same tax procedure applies as for "Swiss Tax Residents - Swiss tax return filing obligation". Please be aware that the deadline for submitting the request is non-extendable, whereas the filing deadline for the Swiss tax return can be extended.
Reassessment of tax at source
A reassessment of tax at source can be made to prevent incorrect taxation if the taxable income was inaccurately reported in the Swiss payroll (such as the exclusion of non-Swiss working days), if the income used to determine the tax rate was incorrectly assessed in the Swiss payroll (for example, in cases of worldwide payroll) or if an incorrect source tax tariff was applied in the Swiss payroll (such as due to family circumstances). The deadline for making this adjustment is March 31 of the following tax year and not extendable.
Swiss Tax non-residents
Non-residents may be subject to Swiss taxes on various types of Swiss-sourced incomes. For example:
- Remuneration for an employment activity performed in Switzerland
- Interest or dividends paid by a Swiss entity
- Income from Swiss real estate
- Income from business activities in Switzerland
Generally, non-residents are required to file a tax return only if they own Swiss real estate or perform business activities (permanent establishment) in Switzerland. Otherwise, taxes are directly withheld at the source.
If an individual is subject to tax at source on the employment income, they have the option to request a retrospective ordinary assessment or a reassessment of the withholding tax, depending on the specific conditions that are met.
Quasi-Resident Status – Retrospective Ordinary Assessment
The quasi-resident tax status is a classification for non-resident individuals, allowing them to file a Swiss tax return under specific conditions. To qualify, at least 90% of their worldwide income - including foreign-generated remuneration - must be derived from Swiss sources.
Each year, individuals seeking to obtain this status must submit their application by March 31st of the following tax year – the deadline is not extendable. Once approved by the cantonal tax authorities, taxpayers will receive a tax form to complete.
This status is particularly beneficial for those looking to maximize their deductions. It enables individuals to claim various deductions, including voluntary contributions to Pillar 2, contributions to Pillar 3a, and professional expenses that can significantly affect taxable employment income.
The same tax procedure applies as for "Swiss Tax Residents - Swiss tax return filing obligation". Please be aware that the deadline for submitting the request is non-extendable, whereas the filing deadline for the Swiss tax return can be extended.
Reassessment of tax at source
Like Swiss tax residents, non-Swiss tax residents can also request a tax at source reassessment. The process follows the same procedure as that for residents subject to withholding tax (tax withheld at the source) under the "Reassessment of tax at source" framework.
A source tax adjustment can be requested to correct inaccurate taxation due to misreported taxable income, incorrect income assessment for tax rates, or the application of an incorrect source tax tariff in the Swiss payroll. The deadline for this adjustment is March 31 of the following tax year and cannot be extended.