Eigenvectors of net zero: Building a resilient energy future

Clean energy transition in India is a multidimensional challenge—balancing growth, equity, security and sustainability till 2070.

In brief

• Viksit Bharat 2047 (~1.5 billion population and US$30 trillion GDP) primary energy needs will be around three times more than the current levels
• Non-fossil energy supply must increase ~40 times of current levels to contribute at least two-third of total primary energy needs of Viksit Bharat 2047

Entering its 25th year this decade, the energy sector faces geopolitical instability, rising AI-driven energy demand, and an accelerating clean energy transition in India. To remain resilient, utilities must modernize grids, integrate renewables and drive digital transformation. Key technologies such as AI, smart grids and digital energy solutions will be critical for enhancing operational efficiency and flexibility. Managing supply chain disruptions and strengthening cybersecurity are strategically imperative, while financial planning and strategic green energy investments in renewable energy growth and technology in 2025 will ensure long-term sustainability. CEOs are increasingly focusing on leveraging technology, strategic transactions, and AI to drive efficiency, navigate volatility, and secure long-term growth in a rapidly evolving global energy landscape.

India's energy transition stands at a pivotal juncture, shaped by geopolitical volatility, economic imperatives, and the urgent drive toward India's roadmap to net zero emissions by 2070. A recent EY report employs an "eigenvectors" framework, drawing on multidimensional optimization and machine learning to distill the complex dynamics of this transformation into foundational patterns and trends. By analyzing human-centric indicators, it uncovers the transient trade-offs shaping the net zero roadmap and the future of sustainable power.

For India, policy-driven pathways for net zero in India must be adequately informed through tracking ECS— a vital feature to balance net zero emission goals with affordability and cost competitiveness. Security analysis highlights rising low-carbon energy technology imports at 0.211% of GDP in FY25. Environmental concerns persist, as India and China continue to face high PM2.5 exposure levels — a vital factor influencing our collective experience of achieving Viksit Bharat 2047 goals.