Due Diligence Services

Our human resources and people due diligence approach is focused on identifying key organizational risks across the financial and operational components supporting client employee groups. We focus on the following areas of analysis tailored to the type of transaction we are supporting:

• Assess potential executive pay change in control exposures;[AM1]
• Assess potential exposures associated with compensatory equity grants to management and other employees (e.g., stock options and restricted stock grants)
• Identify impacts to annual and long-term incentives structures and their funding
• Identify areas of potential exposures associated with Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP)
• Assess potential financial exposures resulting from poor risk management in human resource function
• Assessment of exposures associated with employee health plans (medical, dental, life, disability)
• Exposures associated with other benefit fringe benefit or perquisite plans
• Identify areas of potential exposures associated with any defined contribution plan, its vendor and other service providers
• Develop an understanding of the pension and retiree medical plan structures; and identify areas of exposures; provide purchase accounting estimates (including estimated go-forward cash funding and financial statement impact)
• Assess and advise on compensation and benefits costs and other exposures associated with integration of two or more business operations
• Assess and advise on service delivery capabilities associated with human resource function and cost per headcount
• Identify any cultural disconnects between the two companies
• Rate the level of risk that cultural gaps represent, and the extent they may hinder recognizing deal synergies
• Assist in stabilizing the employee workforce and maintaining productivity by advising on employee communications
• Support and advise on strategies to reach desired culture and deal goals via communications
• Support negotiating a Purchase Agreement and/or Employee Matters Agreement that:
  • Avoids un-necessary constraints on Buyer’s ability to effect change after closing
  • Clearly articulates who pays certain expenses
  • Supports and is aligned with Buyer's short- and long-term strategy for the combined organization
  • Facilitates realization of the transaction related value drivers
• Help identify areas where financial related synergies can occur within the HR area
• Assess potential impact of severance and other transaction triggered payments, plan for mitigation or retention considerations
• Support process to retain key talent to protect revenue and key customer relationships

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In fast-moving deals, technology can be the biggest source of both risk and opportunity. EY-Parthenon delivers hypothesis-driven technical [RD1] diligence focused on the factors most critical to the deal thesis—helping buyers and sellers price risk accurately, protect Day 1 plans, and accelerate value creation. We go beyond surface checks to determine whether the technology environment can support the growth thesis, withstand transaction demands, and enable future innovation.

Each assessment is tailored to the transaction, combining analytical rigor with deep technology experience, and typically focuses on three core dimensions:

• Operational resilience and risk: Evaluating the stability, scalability, and reliability of core systems, infrastructure, and processes to identify vulnerabilities, technical debt, and dependencies that could disrupt operations or integration
• Strategic alignment and future readiness: Assessing whether the IT strategy, investment roadmap, and use of emerging capabilities (e.g., AI) align with the growth thesis and whether the technology environment can enable innovation and long-term competitiveness
• Value creation and cost efficiency: Identifying opportunities to optimize IT spending, rationalize applications, modernize infrastructure, and deploy technologies like AI for operational improvements while quantifying upside and required investments

We deliver clear, actionable insights that inform the deal model and help you confidently navigate the transaction process.

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AI is rapidly transforming every industry, and software is at the center of that shift. From automating workflows using agentic solutions to scaling products using generative capabilities, AI is rapidly accelerating operational efficiency, product innovation, and competitive differentiation while evolving in real-time.

While AI is creating significant upside, it is also disrupting traditional businesses across all sectors. Private Equity investors must assess not only how a target company uses AI today, but also its readiness to react to AI-driven disruption to protect its business and capture growth opportunities.

EY-Parthenon’s Software Strategy Group provides multiple AI due diligence services for Private Equity firms, corporate clients, and software companies that consider the commercial, technical, and financial implications of a target’s use of AI capabilities:

• AI in the market: Assess the impact of AI-driven market opportunities, growth vectors, disruption risks, and competitive moats – synthesizing market signals, technical experience, and voice of the customer
• AI in product: Evaluate the maturity of a target’s use of AI in its products and technology including AI/ML model readiness, AI techniques, data sources, data pipelines, and data science teams
• AI in R&D: Determine the target’s use of AI-enabled tools within its Software Development Lifecycle to accelerate product development and increase the ROI of R&D spend
• AI in operations: Understand the level of AI adoption in the business across customer-facing operations and back-office functions to evaluate cost efficiency opportunities

EY-Parthenon has established a dedicated AI Center of Excellence (CoE) that advises our clients on transformative AI solutions and investments across markets, product, technology, and operations. This purpose-built team includes multiple senior leaders with hands-on AI experience, including an ex-CTO at the forefront of real-world AI use cases such as computer vision, GenAI, and NLP. We have advised our clients on 50+ AI-focused engagements over the last two years – ranging from AI diligence, AI-driven product strategy, and AI-enabled cost takeout assessments.

Through partnerships with the global EY organization’s global network of hands-on AI solution engineers, data scientists, and vertical-specific AI professionals, our assessments go beyond traditional diligence to provide deeper execution and implementation tailored to our clients’ needs.

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Evaluating a company that relies on software as a core part of its value proposition requires more than standalone commercial diligence. Product & Technology due diligence provides a comprehensive view of a target’s product functionality, technology architecture, and R&D team to unlock growth, identify risks, and ultimately uncover value creation opportunities.

EY-Parthenon’s Software Strategy Group invented Product & Technology Due Diligence and has evolved into the world’s leading strategic advisor to companies in the software economy over the last 10 years. We partner with top tech investors and software companies on the most difficult, deal-influencing questions such as:

• How does a target’s product differentiate in the market, and what is the roadmap to capture future growth?
• Can a target successfully migrate from a legacy, monolithic on-premises architecture to the cloud?
• How scalable is the product, and can the target support integration with future bolt-on acquisitions?
• How mature is a target’s R&D team, and is it investing in the right areas to execute on the roadmap?

Our specialized team of technologists and business strategists brings real-world experience to Product & Technology due diligence across a range of industries. We are led by a team of former tech executives, including a roster of ex-CTOs, that have conducted 300+ engagements in the last 12 months focused solely on software companies. These assessments leverage unique accelerators such as our world-class R&D benchmarking program that aggregates proprietary data from a quarterly survey of 2,000+ CTOs and Software CFOs.

Partnering with our software-focused commercial diligence team, we take an integrated approach that combines an evaluation of a Target’s market, competitive landscape, and growth opportunities with its ability to drive execution through its product and technology. We leverage both external and internal perspectives by interviewing industry experts, former employees, and the management team. This combination of commercial and technology experience allows us to deliver the most compelling, differentiated insights to EY clients – spanning an assessment of the target, pre-close recommendations, and long-term value creation plans.

A Product & Technology diligence typically includes the following dimensions:

• Product and roadmap: Evaluation of the product’s maturity, differentiation against competitors, and roadmap
• Technology and architecture: Assessment of the product’s architecture design, tech stacks, and technical debt
• R&D organization and process: Analysis of the R&D team’s composition, spend, geolocation, and SDLC processes
• Hosting and cloud: Determining SaaS maturity, infrastructure scalability, and hosting COGS relative to revenue and growth

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Operational Due Diligence (ODD) plays a critical role in most transactions for both buyers and sellers, going beyond financial analysis to uncover the underlying capabilities, risks, and operating value drivers of a target company. It provides a comprehensive view of the operational backbone of the business, highlighting areas where deal value may be at risk and identifying opportunities for value creation.

Aligned with the deal thesis, ODD typically evaluates the company’s operating model, cost structure, and functional foundations necessary to achieve business objectives. This assessment encompasses various areas, including the supply chain, research and development, as well as selling, general, and administrative functions. By thoroughly examining these aspects, the parties can gain a clearer understanding of the financials, identify hidden liabilities or inefficiencies, and uncover operational levers that may either hinder or accelerate growth and profitability.

A robust ODD is hypothesis-driven and tailored to each deal, integrating both quantitative and qualitative insights to provide a fact-based perspective on risks and opportunities for decision-making. Each assessment is customized to the specific transaction, combining analytical rigor with deep operational experience, and typically focuses on three key dimensions:

• Operational transparency and risks: Assessing vulnerabilities, dependencies, and exposures that may threaten the business
• Scalability of operations: Determining whether processes, systems, and talent can support future growth and strategic ambitions, including the nature of fixed versus variable costs
• Value creation opportunities: Identifying potential areas for efficiencies and performance improvements that may be realized post-close

In today’s environment – characterized by geopolitical volatility, supply chain fragility, and rapid digital transformation – the relevance of ODD has continued to rise. Both buyers and sellers increasingly rely on it to stress-test scalability, resilience, and execution capacity, which are operational factors that can help protect and enhance deal value.

Given today’s threat landscape and increasing regulatory requirements, conducting cyber diligence is critical for buyers to understand the risk they are taking on.  According to one business journalistic publication, 65 percent of buyers expressed remorse over unexpected risk and expense related to cybersecurity.  Proper cyber due diligence will be able to ascertain the target company’s:

• Ability to detect a compromise
• Compliance with privacy and security regulatory requirements
• Implementation of controls needed to reduce risk to an acceptable level
• Level of cyber insurance coverage
• Level of investment needed to reduce risk and achieve compliance and
• Level of effort required to integrate with the parent company, or exit TSAs, if applicable. 

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Sustainability diligence is integrated alongside either commercial or financial due diligence. We understand materiality is important and we only discuss the issues that are most relevant to a specific operating model. Then we assess maturity to understand the current state and company positioning relative to peers. We conclude with value creation recommendations that are focused on both creating positive financial and non-financial results. 

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Every deal presents opportunities—and risks. The EY Transaction Tax Advisory (TTA) team helps clients navigate the tax implications of buying, selling, investing, or restructuring so they can move forward with clarity and confidence.

• On the buy side, we evaluate the target company’s tax profile to uncover risks that may impact pricing, deal structure, or future performance. We also identify opportunities to use tax attributes such as credits and losses to maximize value and design efficient structures that support long-term investment goals.
• On the sell side, we work with businesses to position themselves for a smooth and successful exit. By addressing tax issues early, preparing for diligence and preparing reports, and exploring structuring alternatives, we help enhance transaction value, facilitate execution, and reduce potential challenges during negotiations.
• For restructuring or distressed situations, our team supports lenders and companies by assessing the tax impact of restructuring alternatives, maximizing available tax attributes, and helping optimize future profitability after the transaction.
• By collaborating closely with EY-Parthenon financial due diligence teams, we provide a connected, strategic view of every transaction. The result: informed decisions, reduced risk, and greater confidence in achieving your business objectives.

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